From proposal to decision: Suggestions for tightening up the “NEPA process”

Although the process of documenting compliance with NEPA (the National Environmental Policy Act) requires no drastic revisions, it can be managed more rigorously. Suggestions for revision can be grouped under five major steps: 1) getting a complete proposal from the applicant; 2) getting the decision-making process onto the right decision-making path; 3) modifying the applicant's proposal 4) going down a shorter path through the EA/FONSI (environmental assessment and finding of no significant impact) or through categorical exclusion review; and 5) going down the longer path through the EIS. Step 2 is perhaps the most critical, because there a decision must be made whether to write an EA/FONSI or an EIS, on the basis of whether the proposal would “significantly affect … the … environment.” In the past, this decision has not always been made promptly or rigorously. Accordingly, we suggest that the agency responsible for NEPA compliance should develop a system (a “black box”), consisting of a core group of specialists working with an interdisciplinary team, using sophisticated techniques for modeling impacts and directing both their research and their writing according to the concept of significance. By determining more efficiently and reliably whether the impacts of a proposal would be significant, such an approach would improve management of the total process.     

色谱、光谱及联用技术在多农药残留检测中的应用

介绍了国内外多农药残留检测的发展状况,综述了色谱法、光谱法、色谱-质谱联用技术、色谱-光谱联用法、多维气相色谱技术的特点及在多农药残留检测中的应用,指出多农药残留检测在今后的农药残留检测中将占据主导地位.     

水中余氯测定方法进展

综述了水体中余氯的分析方法研究进展,对每种分析方法的原理、测定条件、干扰因素及其消除方法、检测限、线性范围及应用对象做了较为详细的论述。     

环境水中西维因残留的检测方法

综述了酶传感器、酶联免疫传感器、液相色谱、荧光光谱和流动注射化学发光等方法在环境水西维因残留检测中的应用,对各种分析方法的工作原理作了简要介绍,并对其应用前景作了展望.     

试剂管法快速测定环境水质中的洗涤剂

本文采用维多利亚蓝简易试剂管法，直接在水相中显色快速测定环境水质中的洗涤剂．此法操作简便、结果准确可靠．ｔ检验结果，Ｐ＞０．０５，简易法与标准方法之间无显著性差异，适合于现场及野外条件下使用．     

重铬酸钾法测定化学需氧量的几点体会

重铬酸钾法是测定工业废水中化学需氧量的国家标准方法，通过大量的实验对CODCr的实验进行探索，提出几点体会，在CODCr的测定中有一定的实用性。     

直接法测定大气中的非甲烷烃

介绍了在２个监测点，用直接法测定大气中的非甲烷烃。测定方法的检出限可达０．００６５ｍｇ／ｍ＾３，在线性范围０－１０ｍｇ／ｍ＾３时，线性相关系数为０．９９９５，相对标准焦虑差为２．８％。结果表明，由于大气逆温层、工业排放源、汽车排气对非甲烷烃的浓度变化产生影响，其日变化曲线呈双峰形。     

废水中含磷表面活性剂的测定

应用非水电位滴定法测定了废水中各种烷基磷酸酯钾盐及其单、双酯盐。方法的变异系数分别为２．３％和７．８％（ｎ＝１２）。本法可有效地消除非离子表面活性剂的干扰，适用于化纤油剂的质量检验和上油槽中油剂浓度的测定。     

氢化物发生一原子荧光光谱法测定气田废水中的痕量砷

采用氢化物发生－原子荧光光谱法测气田废水中的痕量砷。方法有取样量少，操作简单、灵敏度高、准确度高、重现性好等优点。砷的测定线性范围为1～200ng/mL，方法的检出限为0．0453ng/mL，相对标准偏差小于等于1．6％，加标回收率在96．0％～97．7％范围内。测定密码标样与气田废水中的痕量砷，获得了满意的结果。     

OH^—,CO3^2—和HCO3^—碱度测定中S^2—的掩蔽方法研究

用酸碱指示剂滴定法测定废水的中的OH－，CO3^2-,HCO3^-碱度时，S^2-对测定有干扰，此干扰可用H2O2掩蔽。